Answer the following questions :

(a) What is 'apartheid'? How is this term related to Nelson Mandela?
(b) Do you think the journey of Mandela with his movement was smooth? Justify your answer.
(c) The Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk - when and why?
(d) Write on Mandela's achievements in brief.
(e) What lesson can we derive from the legacy of Mandela?

 a) Apartheid is a system of racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa till the early 1990s. It enforced racial separation and oppressed the non-white population, particularly the black South Africans. Nelson Mandela is closely related to apartheid as he played a pivotal role in fighting against it, advocating for equality and justice, and ultimately leading South Africa out of the apartheid era towards a multi-racial democratic system.

b) I think the journey of Mandela with his movement was far from smooth. He faced numerous obstacles, including imprisonment, opposition from the apartheid government, etc. Still, he wanted to overthrow apartheid without a civil war. His perseverance, leadership, and commitment to peaceful negotiation ultimately helped him navigate through these challenges.

c) The Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in 1993. It was awarded for their efforts to overturn apartheid peacefully and transition South Africa into a multi-racial democratic country.

d) Mandela removed apartheid from South Africa and transformed it into a multi-racial democratic country. For this, he was awarded the Nobel Peace PrizE- Since he promoted peace and reconciliation, he became South Africa's first black president. He kept advocating for human rights and dignity on the global stagE- Thus, he became one of the world's most revered public figures.
e) One lesson we can derive from Mandela's legacy is the power of forgiveness and reconciliation in overcoming deep-seated divisions and injustices. Mandela forgave his oppressors and worked towards reconciliation with those who had oppressed-him. Also, his leadership and commitment to peaceful change serve as an inspiration for future generations striving for justice and equality.