Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an  icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his  resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while  avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. "I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my  life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech  on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994 ... "The time for the healing of the wounds has  comE- The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has comE-" "We have, at last, achieved our  political emancipation." In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the  white South African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of  apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the  face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen :  "Don't call mE- I'll call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining  celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.